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Nanotechnology has brought us self-cleaning windows, energy-efficient LED lights and will soon deliver a slew of nanomedicine breakthroughs. Even though this young and revolutionary new science has been around for 20 years, many Americans are still in the dark about what nanoscience really is. To help clarify matters and educate the general public about nanotechnology, the National Science Foundation has invested million into a campaign that will include interactive exhibits at 100 museums nationwide.

In Europe, Dutch food scientist Frans Kampers is making a presentation titled: What Nanotechnology Can Do for the Average Donut. He explains that a nanoparticle can re-engineer ingredients to bring healthy nutrients to the body more efficiently, while ensuring that less-desirable components pass on. European scientists are creating structures within foods that will deliver specific nutrients to specific locations in the body for the most beneficial effects. “We are basically creating nano-structures in food that are designed to fall apart in your body because of digestion so in the end there will not be nanoparticles,” Kampers explains. Yet, he admits, there are some people who are fearful of the nanotechnology applications. For instance, if persistent metal or metal oxide particles are used in food packaging, there is some worry that they may be able to migrate through the bloodstream, into the cells and into the nucleuses. “These are the more controversial applications of nanotechnology,” Kampers adds. “More research is necessary to understand the kinetics and dynamics of these particles before large-scale applications in food are developed. At the moment, these types of nanoparticles are rarely used in food products.”

In other nanotechnology news, Agricultural Research Service scientists in Athens, Georgia have developed a microscopic biological sensor (using nano science) that can detect salmonella bacteria and other foodborne pathogens like E coli and mad cow disease. Even though these nano particles are 10-100 times thinner than a strand of hair, they are able to take fluorescent organic dye particles directly to salmonella antibodies, where they stick to the bacteria and light up like a beacon. Bio-sensors are commonly used in nature — in sex pheromones to attract animals to other animals to mate or to alert fish to nearly imperceptible water vibrations.

One of the most exciting nanotechnology developments was discovered by University of Nottingham researchers this year. A new nanoscience technique uses ultrasound technology to examine the insides of individual cells to detect abnormalities and diagnose diseases like cancer. To talk to the device, researchers are testing pulses of laser light, rather than electrical current or wires. “By examining the mechanical properties inside a cell there is a huge amount that we can learn about its structure and the way it functions. But it’s very much a leap into the unknown as this has never been achieved before,” says Dr. Matt Clark of The Ultrasonics Group of Electrical Systems and Optics. Future nanotechnology applications could eliminate the need for many invasive test procedures, as well as treatments like chemotherapy.

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